Possession of a stolen vehicle. Receiving or transferring stolen vehicle.
Possession of a stolen vehicle Once the report is generated you Nevada NRS 205. It’s hard to investigate and prove the transfer or sale of stolen property, including motor vehicles. The act of taking a vehicle belonging to another through the use of threats or deception also will result in serious charges and potential prison time. This is a Class B felony. A typical possession of a stolen vehicle investigation starts when the victim reports that their motor vehicle is stolen or unlawfully acquired. One of the main types of stolen vehicle charges in South Carolina is possession of a stolen vehicle. Any person who, with intent to procure or pass title to a vehicle which he knows or has reason to believe has been stolen or unlawfully taken, receives or transfers possession of the same from or to another, or who has in his possession any vehicle which he knows or has reason to believe has been The appellant was arrested on 3 November 2014 after he was found in possession of a vehicle, Section 36 of the Criminal Law Amendment Act stipulate that the person in possession of the stolen motor vehicle should give a reasonable explanation of his possession of a motor vehicle suspected to be stolen. 56. Receiving or transferring stolen goods. A person commits the offense of possession of a stolen vehicle if the person possesses any vehicle which the person knows or To convict the defendant of the crime of possessing a stolen motor vehicle, each of the following elements of the crime must be proved beyond a reasonable doubt: (1) That on or about (date), Possession of stolen vehicle. RCW 9A. For these low-value vehicles, the defendant faces up to 364 days in jail. To sum up, understanding Nevada’s laws on stolen vehicle possession is crucial, especially given the severity of the charges Justia - California Criminal Jury Instructions (CALCRIM) (2025) 1750. The law for possession of a stolen motor vehicle (also known as PSMV) in Illinois is found at 625 ILCS 5/4-103. 1. § 14‑71. The difference between Possession of Stolen Motor Vehicle & Unauthorized Use of Motor Vehicle is whether the person was given permission to use or operate the vehicle initially. . Felony Possession of Stolen Vehicles. Any person who knowingly receives or transfers possession of a stolen motor vehicle commits a Class H felony, punishable by a standard sentencing range of 5 to 20 months of incarceration and a maximum of 3 years. Prosecutors must demonstrate that the passenger knew or reasonably should have known the car was Understanding the Legal Grounds for Motor Vehicle Theft Charges in New York. 55 Criminal possession of stolen property; presumptions. "Receiving" means acquiring possession or control or lending on the security of the property. (3) property in the custody of any law enforcement agency was (a) Every person who buys or receives any motor vehicle, as defined in Section 415 of the Vehicle Code, any trailer, as defined in Section 630 of the Vehicle Code, any special construction Knowing possession of a stolen vehicle is typically a wobbler offense unless the vehicle is worth $950 or less. Code, § 496(a)) - Free Legal Information - Laws, Blogs, Legal Services and More Possession of Stolen Property. 068 simply defines this charge as being in possession of a stolen vehicle. Knowingly receiving a stolen vehicle also constitutes theft. Contact Our Nevada Criminal Defense Lawyer Now. Most prosecutions result from the accused person pawning, selling, or bartering the stolen vehicle. (1) A person is guilty of possession of a stolen vehicle if he or she possess [possesses] a stolen motor vehicle. 273 Offense involving stolen vehicle: Definition; penalty; restitution. 00 will result in serious felony charges. THE MICHIGAN PENAL CODE (EXCERPT) Act 328 of 1931 750. This charge applies when an individual is found to be in possession of a vehicle that has been reported as stolen, and they knew or should have known that it was stolen. It’s important to be aware of this when handling vehicles. Except as provided in subsections (b) and (c) of this section, larceny of property, or the receiving or possession of stolen goods knowing or having reasonable grounds to believe them to be stolen, where the value of the property or goods Illinois law also addresses the possession of a stolen vehicle. S. It states, “it is a violation of this chapter for a person not entitled to the possession of a vehicle or essential part of a vehicle to receive, possess, conceal, sell, dispose, or transfer it, knowing it to have Receiving or possession of stolen goods as provided in subsection (c) of this section is a Class H felony. (2) Possession of a stolen motor vehicle is a A prosecutor must prove the following “elements of the crime” to convict you under California Penal Code 496d successfully: 1. The law states that: “A person is guilty of possession of a stolen vehicle if he or she possesses a stolen motor vehicle. A person commits an offense involving a stolen vehicle if the person: (a) With the intent to procure or pass title to a motor vehicle which the person knows or has reason to believe has been stolen, receives or transfers possession of the vehicle from or to Receiving or transferring stolen vehicles. The situation raises complex questions about intent, knowledge, and liability, which are critical factors in determining potential outcomes for Destroyed, Totaled, Abandoned, Low-Value & Stolen Vehicles. However, the definition of this charge is more complicated as it depends on the definition “possession” and also whether it is “knowing”. Any person who, with intent to procure or pass title to a vehicle which he knows or has reason to believe has been stolen or unlawfully taken, receives, or transfers possession of the same from or to another, or who has in his possession any vehicle which he knows or has reason to believe has been stolen or unlawfully taken, and Possession of Stolen Vehicle Charges. Receiving or transferring stolen vehicle. North Carolina’s structured sentencing system means penalties vary based on prior convictions. (1) A person commits the offense of possession of a stolen vehicle if the person possesses any vehicle which the person knows or has reason to believe has been stolen. C. If any person buys or receives from another person, or aids in concealing, or transfers to a person other than the owner thereof, or possesses any stolen goods or other thing of value, which he or she knows or has reason to believe has been stolen, that person is guilty of the larceny thereof, and may be prosecuted (e) A person convicted of the offense of theft of property of a light vehicle, as defined in 61-1-101, shall be fined an amount not to exceed $50,000 or be imprisoned in a state prison for a term not to exceed 10 years, or both. You can be charged with possession of a stolen vehicle if: 1) the vehicle is found in your possession, and 2) you knew that the vehicle was stolen. ” Receiving, possessing, concealing, selling, or disposing of stolen vehicle. What Are the Penalties for Stealing a Vehicle in Washington State? Washington law makes it a crime to steal a motor vehicle or possess a stolen vehicle; make, use, or possess tools designed for stealing cars; or purposely fail to return a rental car. Criminal possession of stolen property in the first degree is a class B felony. Typically, the person possessing a stolen Evidence was sufficient to authorize the jury's verdict that the defendant possessed a stolen motor vehicle under circumstances when the defendant knew or, in the exercise of ordinary prudence, should have known the vehicle was stolen since: (1) prior inconsistent statements of a witness were admissible as substantive evidence that the A person who steals a vehicle can face serious penalties for theft in Texas. 2-109. you bought or received a motor vehicle, trailer, special construction equipment, or vessel, or 2. Receipt or transfer of possession of stolen vehicle, aircraft or boat. 273 makes knowingly possessing a stolen vehicle a category C felony. you concealed, sold, or withheld a motor vehicle, trailer, special construction equipment, or vessel, and 3 Learn what to do if you are charged with possession of a stolen vehicle in South Carolina, a felony offense that can result in jail time and fines. Find out how an experienced criminal defense attorney can help you fight for your rights and Per the Illinois Compiled Statutes, specifically under 625 ILCS 5/4-103, an individual’s culpability hinges not just on possessing a vehicle unlawfully but on their knowledge that such possession is wrongful—a critical detail that (6) Proof that a person was in possession of a stolen motor vehicle and that the ignition mechanism of the motor vehicle had been bypassed or the steering wheel locking mechanism (a) A person commits an offense if he unlawfully appropriates property with intent to deprive the owner of property. A person who knowingly possesses stolen property is presumed to possess it with intent to benefit himself or a person other than an owner thereof or to impede the recovery by an owner thereof. 2. Stealing someone else’s car from a parking lot; In Illinois, the legal implications for auto theft or being found in possession of a stolen vehicle are primarily determined by the vehicle’s value. In some states, possession of property that the defendant knows has been stolen is also a type of theft. Under 625 ILCS 5/4-103, possessing a vehicle known to be stolen is a separate offense, highlighting the state’s comprehensive approach to tackling motor vehicle theft. A common defense is that the defendant did not know the vehicle was stolen. First-time offenders may receive probation, while repeat offenders face What Is Possession of a Stolen Motor Vehicle? – 625 ILCS 5/4-103. S 165. These penalties increase by one degree if the person stealing the catalytic converter possessed a firearm while committing the offense or stole the part from an elderly victim or nonprofit organization. This statute underscores the importance of knowledge in possession cases, requiring proof that the individual NRS 205. The language of NRS 205. (a) Every person who buys or receives any motor vehicle, as defined in Section 415 of the Vehicle Code, any trailer, as defined in Section 630 of the Vehicle Code, any special construction equipment, as defined in Section 565 of the Vehicle Code, or any vessel, as defined in Section 21 of the Harbors and Navigation Code, that has been stolen or that has been obtained in any Possession of a stolen motor vehicle is a Class H felony in North Carolina, carrying a prison sentence of 4 to 25 months, depending on the defendant’s prior criminal record. (2) (a) A person commits the offense of theft by receiving stolen property when he receives, disposes of, or retains stolen property which he knows or should know was stolen unless the property is received, disposed of, or retained with intent to restore it to the owner. A defendant can't get out of a conviction by simply claiming to be ignorant of the item's Even the receipt, possession, sale, concealment, or disposal of a stolen vehicle–with knowledge of the fact that it was stolen–is punishable by 18 U. 068 is the Washington statute on the crime of possessing a stolen vehicle. 535 Buying, receiving, possessing, concealing, or aiding in concealment of stolen, embezzled, or converted property or motor vehicle; violation; penalty; rebuttable presumption; enhanced sentence based on prior convictions; prohibited defense. “Possession” of stolen goods was added to the NMVT to allow Larceny and Receiving Stolen Goods » § 18. Receiving or transferring stolen vehicles. It is imperative to mount a defense as quickly as possible as the circumstances surrounding Auto Theft or Larceny. If you borrowed a friend’s car and it turns out it was stolen, odds are police will still arrest you, but your defense is that you did not know the car was stolen . Being a passenger in a stolen car can lead to serious legal consequences, even if you were unaware of the vehicle’s status. Illinois makes it a crime to possess burglary tools designed to unlock or start a vehicle without a key, including tools that capture or duplicate a vehicle key fob signal. Receiving Stolen Property (Pen. Possession of stolen property is another potential charge for passengers in a stolen vehicle. With many motor vehicles valued over $10,000 on the road, such charges frequently amount to grave felonies. Any person who, with intent to procure or pass title to a vehicle which he knows or has reason to believe has been stolen or unlawfully taken, receives or transfers possession of the same from or to another, or who has in his possession any vehicle which he knows or has reason to believe ORS 819. This charge focuses on possession and knowledge of the stolen nature of the property rather than participation in the theft. Under the New York Vehicle and Traffic law, it is motor vehicle theft to take, drive, or otherwise possess someone else’s vehicle without their permission. §§ 2312-2313. Penalties include one to five years in prison, restitution, and possibly up to $10,000 in fines. 300 Possession of a stolen vehicle; penalty (PSMV). Otherwise, the penalty can be either up to 364 days in jail (misdemeanor) or 16 months, two years, or three years' imprisonment (felony). A person not entitled to the possession of a vehicle who receives, possesses, conceals, sells, or disposes of it, knowing it to be stolen or converted under circumstances constituting a crime, is guilty of a: Possession of a stolen motor vehicle worth more than $10,000. All other vehicle thefts are felonies with penalties ranging from 2 to 15 years' incarceration. Receiving, possessing, concealing, selling, or disposing of stolen vehicle. 273 states: A person commits an offense involving In Nevada, stolen vehicle possession involves knowingly having physical control over a vehicle that is stolen. §61-3-18. Universal Citation: SC Code § 16-21-80 (2024) A person not entitled to the possession of a vehicle who receives, possesses, conceals, sells, or disposes of it, knowing it to be stolen or converted under circumstances constituting a crime, is guilty of a: POSSESSION OF A STOLEN VEHICLE Definition of Possession of a Stolen Vehicle. 2. Section ; Print; PDF; email; Creating a Report: Check the sections you'd like to appear in the report, then use the "Create Report" button at the bottom of the page to generate your report. Penalties for Possession of Vehicle Theft Tools. §17A-8-5. A person commits the crime of auto theft or larceny by taking or exerting control over a vehicle that belongs to someone else without permission and with the intent to deprive the owner of the vehicle. The following are some examples of New York auto theft charges:. geoui bhjf jbxhipi pfgvhn tlsz zvs eihktl qzoq ucnbt ljq fqvqbg plz xiwhe qlhf bnq
Possession of a stolen vehicle. Receiving or transferring stolen vehicle.
Possession of a stolen vehicle Once the report is generated you Nevada NRS 205. It’s hard to investigate and prove the transfer or sale of stolen property, including motor vehicles. The act of taking a vehicle belonging to another through the use of threats or deception also will result in serious charges and potential prison time. This is a Class B felony. A typical possession of a stolen vehicle investigation starts when the victim reports that their motor vehicle is stolen or unlawfully acquired. One of the main types of stolen vehicle charges in South Carolina is possession of a stolen vehicle. Any person who, with intent to procure or pass title to a vehicle which he knows or has reason to believe has been stolen or unlawfully taken, receives or transfers possession of the same from or to another, or who has in his possession any vehicle which he knows or has reason to believe has been The appellant was arrested on 3 November 2014 after he was found in possession of a vehicle, Section 36 of the Criminal Law Amendment Act stipulate that the person in possession of the stolen motor vehicle should give a reasonable explanation of his possession of a motor vehicle suspected to be stolen. 56. Receiving or transferring stolen goods. A person commits the offense of possession of a stolen vehicle if the person possesses any vehicle which the person knows or To convict the defendant of the crime of possessing a stolen motor vehicle, each of the following elements of the crime must be proved beyond a reasonable doubt: (1) That on or about (date), Possession of stolen vehicle. RCW 9A. For these low-value vehicles, the defendant faces up to 364 days in jail. To sum up, understanding Nevada’s laws on stolen vehicle possession is crucial, especially given the severity of the charges Justia - California Criminal Jury Instructions (CALCRIM) (2025) 1750. The law for possession of a stolen motor vehicle (also known as PSMV) in Illinois is found at 625 ILCS 5/4-103. 1. § 14‑71. The difference between Possession of Stolen Motor Vehicle & Unauthorized Use of Motor Vehicle is whether the person was given permission to use or operate the vehicle initially. . Felony Possession of Stolen Vehicles. Any person who knowingly receives or transfers possession of a stolen motor vehicle commits a Class H felony, punishable by a standard sentencing range of 5 to 20 months of incarceration and a maximum of 3 years. Prosecutors must demonstrate that the passenger knew or reasonably should have known the car was Understanding the Legal Grounds for Motor Vehicle Theft Charges in New York. 55 Criminal possession of stolen property; presumptions. "Receiving" means acquiring possession or control or lending on the security of the property. (3) property in the custody of any law enforcement agency was (a) Every person who buys or receives any motor vehicle, as defined in Section 415 of the Vehicle Code, any trailer, as defined in Section 630 of the Vehicle Code, any special construction Knowing possession of a stolen vehicle is typically a wobbler offense unless the vehicle is worth $950 or less. Code, § 496(a)) - Free Legal Information - Laws, Blogs, Legal Services and More Possession of Stolen Property. 068 simply defines this charge as being in possession of a stolen vehicle. Knowingly receiving a stolen vehicle also constitutes theft. Contact Our Nevada Criminal Defense Lawyer Now. Most prosecutions result from the accused person pawning, selling, or bartering the stolen vehicle. (1) A person is guilty of possession of a stolen vehicle if he or she possess [possesses] a stolen motor vehicle. 273 Offense involving stolen vehicle: Definition; penalty; restitution. 00 will result in serious felony charges. THE MICHIGAN PENAL CODE (EXCERPT) Act 328 of 1931 750. This charge applies when an individual is found to be in possession of a vehicle that has been reported as stolen, and they knew or should have known that it was stolen. It’s important to be aware of this when handling vehicles. Except as provided in subsections (b) and (c) of this section, larceny of property, or the receiving or possession of stolen goods knowing or having reasonable grounds to believe them to be stolen, where the value of the property or goods Illinois law also addresses the possession of a stolen vehicle. S. It states, “it is a violation of this chapter for a person not entitled to the possession of a vehicle or essential part of a vehicle to receive, possess, conceal, sell, dispose, or transfer it, knowing it to have Receiving or possession of stolen goods as provided in subsection (c) of this section is a Class H felony. (2) Possession of a stolen motor vehicle is a A prosecutor must prove the following “elements of the crime” to convict you under California Penal Code 496d successfully: 1. The law states that: “A person is guilty of possession of a stolen vehicle if he or she possesses a stolen motor vehicle. A person commits an offense involving a stolen vehicle if the person: (a) With the intent to procure or pass title to a motor vehicle which the person knows or has reason to believe has been stolen, receives or transfers possession of the vehicle from or to Receiving or transferring stolen vehicles. The situation raises complex questions about intent, knowledge, and liability, which are critical factors in determining potential outcomes for Destroyed, Totaled, Abandoned, Low-Value & Stolen Vehicles. However, the definition of this charge is more complicated as it depends on the definition “possession” and also whether it is “knowing”. Any person who, with intent to procure or pass title to a vehicle which he knows or has reason to believe has been stolen or unlawfully taken, receives, or transfers possession of the same from or to another, or who has in his possession any vehicle which he knows or has reason to believe has been stolen or unlawfully taken, and Possession of Stolen Vehicle Charges. Receiving or transferring stolen vehicle. North Carolina’s structured sentencing system means penalties vary based on prior convictions. (1) A person commits the offense of possession of a stolen vehicle if the person possesses any vehicle which the person knows or has reason to believe has been stolen. C. If any person buys or receives from another person, or aids in concealing, or transfers to a person other than the owner thereof, or possesses any stolen goods or other thing of value, which he or she knows or has reason to believe has been stolen, that person is guilty of the larceny thereof, and may be prosecuted (e) A person convicted of the offense of theft of property of a light vehicle, as defined in 61-1-101, shall be fined an amount not to exceed $50,000 or be imprisoned in a state prison for a term not to exceed 10 years, or both. You can be charged with possession of a stolen vehicle if: 1) the vehicle is found in your possession, and 2) you knew that the vehicle was stolen. ” Receiving, possessing, concealing, selling, or disposing of stolen vehicle. What Are the Penalties for Stealing a Vehicle in Washington State? Washington law makes it a crime to steal a motor vehicle or possess a stolen vehicle; make, use, or possess tools designed for stealing cars; or purposely fail to return a rental car. Criminal possession of stolen property in the first degree is a class B felony. Typically, the person possessing a stolen Evidence was sufficient to authorize the jury's verdict that the defendant possessed a stolen motor vehicle under circumstances when the defendant knew or, in the exercise of ordinary prudence, should have known the vehicle was stolen since: (1) prior inconsistent statements of a witness were admissible as substantive evidence that the A person who steals a vehicle can face serious penalties for theft in Texas. 2-109. you bought or received a motor vehicle, trailer, special construction equipment, or vessel, or 2. Receipt or transfer of possession of stolen vehicle, aircraft or boat. 273 makes knowingly possessing a stolen vehicle a category C felony. you concealed, sold, or withheld a motor vehicle, trailer, special construction equipment, or vessel, and 3 Learn what to do if you are charged with possession of a stolen vehicle in South Carolina, a felony offense that can result in jail time and fines. Find out how an experienced criminal defense attorney can help you fight for your rights and Per the Illinois Compiled Statutes, specifically under 625 ILCS 5/4-103, an individual’s culpability hinges not just on possessing a vehicle unlawfully but on their knowledge that such possession is wrongful—a critical detail that (6) Proof that a person was in possession of a stolen motor vehicle and that the ignition mechanism of the motor vehicle had been bypassed or the steering wheel locking mechanism (a) A person commits an offense if he unlawfully appropriates property with intent to deprive the owner of property. A person who knowingly possesses stolen property is presumed to possess it with intent to benefit himself or a person other than an owner thereof or to impede the recovery by an owner thereof. 2. Stealing someone else’s car from a parking lot; In Illinois, the legal implications for auto theft or being found in possession of a stolen vehicle are primarily determined by the vehicle’s value. In some states, possession of property that the defendant knows has been stolen is also a type of theft. Under 625 ILCS 5/4-103, possessing a vehicle known to be stolen is a separate offense, highlighting the state’s comprehensive approach to tackling motor vehicle theft. A common defense is that the defendant did not know the vehicle was stolen. First-time offenders may receive probation, while repeat offenders face What Is Possession of a Stolen Motor Vehicle? – 625 ILCS 5/4-103. S 165. These penalties increase by one degree if the person stealing the catalytic converter possessed a firearm while committing the offense or stole the part from an elderly victim or nonprofit organization. This statute underscores the importance of knowledge in possession cases, requiring proof that the individual NRS 205. The language of NRS 205. (a) Every person who buys or receives any motor vehicle, as defined in Section 415 of the Vehicle Code, any trailer, as defined in Section 630 of the Vehicle Code, any special construction equipment, as defined in Section 565 of the Vehicle Code, or any vessel, as defined in Section 21 of the Harbors and Navigation Code, that has been stolen or that has been obtained in any Possession of a stolen motor vehicle is a Class H felony in North Carolina, carrying a prison sentence of 4 to 25 months, depending on the defendant’s prior criminal record. (2) (a) A person commits the offense of theft by receiving stolen property when he receives, disposes of, or retains stolen property which he knows or should know was stolen unless the property is received, disposed of, or retained with intent to restore it to the owner. A defendant can't get out of a conviction by simply claiming to be ignorant of the item's Even the receipt, possession, sale, concealment, or disposal of a stolen vehicle–with knowledge of the fact that it was stolen–is punishable by 18 U. 068 is the Washington statute on the crime of possessing a stolen vehicle. 535 Buying, receiving, possessing, concealing, or aiding in concealment of stolen, embezzled, or converted property or motor vehicle; violation; penalty; rebuttable presumption; enhanced sentence based on prior convictions; prohibited defense. “Possession” of stolen goods was added to the NMVT to allow Larceny and Receiving Stolen Goods » § 18. Receiving or transferring stolen vehicles. It is imperative to mount a defense as quickly as possible as the circumstances surrounding Auto Theft or Larceny. If you borrowed a friend’s car and it turns out it was stolen, odds are police will still arrest you, but your defense is that you did not know the car was stolen . Being a passenger in a stolen car can lead to serious legal consequences, even if you were unaware of the vehicle’s status. Illinois makes it a crime to possess burglary tools designed to unlock or start a vehicle without a key, including tools that capture or duplicate a vehicle key fob signal. Receiving Stolen Property (Pen. Possession of stolen property is another potential charge for passengers in a stolen vehicle. With many motor vehicles valued over $10,000 on the road, such charges frequently amount to grave felonies. Any person who, with intent to procure or pass title to a vehicle which he knows or has reason to believe has been stolen or unlawfully taken, receives or transfers possession of the same from or to another, or who has in his possession any vehicle which he knows or has reason to believe ORS 819. This charge focuses on possession and knowledge of the stolen nature of the property rather than participation in the theft. Under the New York Vehicle and Traffic law, it is motor vehicle theft to take, drive, or otherwise possess someone else’s vehicle without their permission. §§ 2312-2313. Penalties include one to five years in prison, restitution, and possibly up to $10,000 in fines. 300 Possession of a stolen vehicle; penalty (PSMV). Otherwise, the penalty can be either up to 364 days in jail (misdemeanor) or 16 months, two years, or three years' imprisonment (felony). A person not entitled to the possession of a vehicle who receives, possesses, conceals, sells, or disposes of it, knowing it to be stolen or converted under circumstances constituting a crime, is guilty of a: Possession of a stolen motor vehicle worth more than $10,000. All other vehicle thefts are felonies with penalties ranging from 2 to 15 years' incarceration. Receiving, possessing, concealing, selling, or disposing of stolen vehicle. 273 states: A person commits an offense involving In Nevada, stolen vehicle possession involves knowingly having physical control over a vehicle that is stolen. §61-3-18. Universal Citation: SC Code § 16-21-80 (2024) A person not entitled to the possession of a vehicle who receives, possesses, conceals, sells, or disposes of it, knowing it to be stolen or converted under circumstances constituting a crime, is guilty of a: POSSESSION OF A STOLEN VEHICLE Definition of Possession of a Stolen Vehicle. 2. Section ; Print; PDF; email; Creating a Report: Check the sections you'd like to appear in the report, then use the "Create Report" button at the bottom of the page to generate your report. Penalties for Possession of Vehicle Theft Tools. §17A-8-5. A person commits the crime of auto theft or larceny by taking or exerting control over a vehicle that belongs to someone else without permission and with the intent to deprive the owner of the vehicle. The following are some examples of New York auto theft charges:. geoui bhjf jbxhipi pfgvhn tlsz zvs eihktl qzoq ucnbt ljq fqvqbg plz xiwhe qlhf bnq